The year 2024 marked a record increase in global energy consumption, driven by the rise of electric vehicles and increased demand for air conditioning.
An unprecedented increase in electricity demand
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), energy consumption rose by 2.2% in 2024, compared to an annual average of 1.3% during the previous decade. This increase is mainly explained by the electrification of transport and the intensive use of air conditioners, amplified by record temperatures.
In one year, electricity demand surged by 1,100 terawatt-hours (TWh), which is more than double France’s annual consumption.
Extreme temperatures driving up air conditioning demand
The year 2024 was the hottest ever recorded, surpassing 2023. Between China, India, and the United States, heatwaves caused a 20% increase in cooling needs compared to the period 2000-2020.
This explosion in air conditioning contributed to 60% of the increase in electricity consumption in buildings. It also intensified CO₂ emissions, with increased reliance on coal fueling the vicious cycle of climate change.
The rise of electric vehicles boosts energy demand
Another key factor: the growth in electric vehicle sales, which increased by 25% in 2024 to reach 17 million units sold.
- China dominates the market with two-thirds of global sales.
- In the United States, the arrival of new models and tax incentives boosted purchases.
- In Europe, a 6% decline was observed, mainly due to the end of subsidies in Germany.
The electrification of transport thus increased energy demand in the sector by 8% in 2024.
An energy transition underway
While electricity consumption is skyrocketing, a silver lining is emerging: 80% of this increase has been covered by clean energy, notably nuclear and renewables.
It remains to be seen whether this trend will be enough to offset the growing carbon footprint of new consumption habits. ■