Morocco is resolutely betting on seawater desalination to address the water crisis. Seventeen plants are already operational, thirteen more are under construction, and the largest in Africa will soon be built in Casablanca. The goal: to produce 1.7 billion cubic meters by 2033. However, this scaling up comes at a cost.
According to the Renub Research firm, the Moroccan desalination market will reach $850 million by 2033, nearly double the current level. This growth reflects the Kingdom’s ambition to sustainably secure its resources amid chronic drought and extreme water stress.
Major stations in Agadir, Dakhla, and Laayoune already demonstrate this momentum. Some even operate at 100% on renewable energy, like the one in Dakhla, powered by wind. Desalination consumes between 4 and 6 kWh of electricity per cubic meter, a challenge that Morocco is trying to meet by combining water and green energy.
However, despite this strategy, the cost per cubic meter remains high—between 7 and 10 dirhams, compared to 3 to 4 for water from dams. Without public support or appropriate pricing, this discrepancy could burden municipalities and agriculture, especially in southern regions.
Additionally, there are environmental challenges related to the discharge of brine, these ultra-salty waters that threaten marine ecosystems. There are potential avenues for mineral recovery, but industrial applications are slow to emerge.
Finally, the governance of the sector remains fragmented. Ministries, agencies, and local authorities share responsibilities, which risks slowing down projects. The idea of a national water regulatory authority is gaining traction to ensure consistency and long-term planning.
In summary, Morocco is making swift and positive strides in desalination, but the focus is no longer just on producing water: it is now about producing it sustainably and at controlled costs. This delicate balance between urgent water needs, economic viability, and environmental respect is crucial.